Microorganisms and Biochar Improve the Remediation Efficiency of Paspalum vaginatum and Pennisetum alopecuroides on Cadmium-Contaminated Soil

Phytoremediation can help remediate potential toxic elements (PTE) in soil. Microorganisms and soil amendments are effective means to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation. This study selected three microorganisms that may promote phytoremediation, including bacteria (Ceratobasidium), fungi (Pseudomonas mendocina), arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AMF, Funneliformis caledonium). The effects single or mixed inoculation on phytoremediation Paspalum vaginatum Pennisetum alopecuroides were tested under different degrees cadmium-contaminated (low 10 mg/kg, medium 50 high 100 mg/kg). results showed AMF Pseudomonas mendocina could significantly increase biomass two plants soil, growth-promoting effect was better than mendocina. However, simultaneous these did not show a one. Inoculation Ceratobasidium reduced concentrations Among all treatments, remediation ability strongest when inoculated with alone. On this basis, explored combined corn-straw-biochar alopecuroides. biochar affect plant Cd concentration by reducing use increased 8.9–48.6% 8.04–32.92%. Compared biochar, combination is better, which greatly improves